Classification of CNC Machine Tool Faults in Precision Parts Processing

The components of CNC machine tools that malfunction in precision parts processing are classified as (1) common host faults: mechanical transmission faults caused by improper mechanical installation, debugging, and operation, or faults caused by excessive friction in guide rail movement. The main failure phenomena of hydraulic, lubrication, and pneumatic systems are pipeline blockage and poor sealing. (2) Electrical faults are divided into weak current faults and strong current faults. The weak current part mainly refers to electronic circuits such as CNC devices, PLC controllers, CRT displays, servo units, input and output devices, which can be divided into hardware faults and software faults.

Hardware failures in precision parts processing mainly refer to the failures of integrated circuit chips, discrete components, connectors, and external connection components on the printed circuit boards of the aforementioned devices. Common software failures include: errors in processing programs, changes or losses in system programs and parameters, and errors in computer calculations. Strong current components refer to electrical components such as circuit breakers, contactors, relays, switches, fuses, power transformers, motors, electromagnets, travel switches, and their circuits. These faults are particularly common and must be given sufficient attention.